6/8/98


Hello everyone,



Are there any advantages to using cacodylate buffers in fixatives as

opposed to phosphate buffers? Are there any disadvantages in addition to

the toxicity of cacodylate buffers?Specifically, I am working with human

corneas. Thanks for your replies.



Dan Caruso

Medjet Inc.

mdjt-clin@monmouth.com


1. If you add calcium to your fixative/buffer, cacodylate would avoid

precipitation of insoluble calcium phosphate.



2. Micro organisms do not grow in cacodylate buffer as they do in

phosphate buffer. So you must prepare fresh phosphate more

frequently...you may also store phosphate buffer in the freezer and thaw

as needed.



Delilah F. Wood

wood@aggie.pw.usda.gov


SNIP!



One would certainly think so. However, I've noticed that 0.2 M caco. buffer,

pH=7.0, after long storage times (I'm looking at a bottle of 100 ml mixed up two

years ago) accumulates a bit of fluffy stuff at the bottom that is a mid-tone

grey in color, but not a solid black. It kinda looks like fungal stuff, like the

stuff that will grow in phosphate buffer after extended times, but I've not

checked into it. I do not use such contaminated buffer in any preps I do.



Has anybody else noticed this, and if so got any idea what it is? Should I add

0.02% sodium azide as a preservative?



Thanks for any insight you can give,



Gib Ahlstrand

There is a short article published in Stain Technology, vol. 55 #3,1980, pp 191-192, that states that the fungus is Penicillium stoloniferum, a common labatory contaminant.

Doug Bray

bray@HG.ULETH.CA


Hello Dan,



there is an excellent review of the "buffer in EM"-problem in G. Griffith's

book "Fine structure in Immunocytochemistry", pp.57 Springer-Verlag, Berlin,

1993.



Hope that helps.



Heinz

hefeh@Rcs1.urz.tu-dresden.de


We routinely use cacodylate buffer for glutaraldehyde and osmium because

it gives a finer grain than phosphate.



Do remember that if you use uranyl acetate en bloc, you need to wash out

the cacodyoate or the phosphate before adding the uranium because it is

not soluble, and small precipitates will make the image very grainy. We

use uranyl acetate in veronal acetate buffer; thus, we wash once in

phosphate buffer after osmium, then twice (15-20 min each wash) with

veronal buffer before adding the stain. Some folks use aqueus uranyl

acetate.





Sara E. Miller, Ph. D.

P. O. Box 3020

Duke University Medical Center

Durham, NC 27710

Ph: 919 684-3452

FAX: 919 684-8735

saram@acpub.duke.edu


Bugs *will* grow in cacodylate, particularly fungus. You can add a

minute pinch of sodium azide to prevent unwanted growth in any buffer.

We just throw in a few grains into 1 liter--like about a 1 mm pile on the

end of a small spatula. If you need to measure to check your pile the

first time, the azide should be about 0.002 M.



Remember this stuff is toxic to people as well as bugs, don't eat it!



Sara E. Miller, Ph. D.

P. O. Box 3020

Duke University Medical Center

Durham, NC 27710

Ph: 919 684-3452

FAX: 919 684-8735

saram@acpub.duke.edu


I have found the material to be fungal (light microscopy) in most cases.

Sometimes, however, no hyphae may be encountered but simply amorphous

material suggesting some chemical reaction (oxidation/reduction) taking

place with the arsenate buffer.



I would hesitate to add azide as it is a potent poison and may affect

ultrastructure - especially of mitochondria. Also, therte are the dangers

of pouring azide down the drain (formation of explosive lead azide with

plumbing solder).

bozzola@siu.edu

John J. Bozzola


Gernot,

Cacodylate is probably one of the most cytoplasmic extracting

buffers where as pbs or phosphate is better but must be replaced before

osmication. My rule is PBS or phosphate buffers for immuno-EM and

cacodylate for standard fixations. Check out Hyat or Glauret's text

series on fixation/buffers.



MICHAEL DELANNOY

delannoy@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu


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