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SIlver enhancement is a simple alternative and works the same as when used for
EM. The silver solution is reacted with the gold and then fixed using a
solution similar to photographic fixers. As there is no worry about grain size
any mordanting steps can be omitted. A simple kit which has worked well for LM
in my hands (J. Cell Biol. 1988 106:279-288) is a kit from Amersham called
"IntenSe". The silver solution is not light sensitive so it is possible to
check the cells or sections with the light microscope before fixing, repeating
the reaction until a signal is detected. Detection is easy using transmitted
light or phase contrast, the signal appears as black precipitates.
The standard procedure for enhancing colloidal gold particles with a silver
enhancement kit is:
From: dianavd@eye.usyd.edu.au (Diana van Driel)
I routinely enhance labelled wholemounts of retina (300 mic thick) with
BioCell (UK) silver enhancing kit. Wash labelled, fixed tissue with water
before and after enhancing; enhance till visible under LM. View normally,
with tissue mounted under glycerol, as dehydrating seems to turn everything
black. It is also more sensitive if you use 1nm gold conjugate as the
initial label (also available from BioCell). Darkfield is more sensitive,
but normal LM is fine and you can see the rest of the tissue.
From: nano@ns1.LIHTI.ORG (Nanoprobes Inc.)
We use the Ted Pella silver enhancement kit with success. Last a long time in the frig or
the freezer.
From: "Paul Webster"
Another alternative is to use enzyme histochemistry, where the signal is
detected as a colored reaction product (HRP, Alk.Phos. etc).
I have placed a small discussion on this subject on the WWW - URL
http://info.med.yale.edu/cellimg/Cryo-LM.html if you are interested.
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From: Steven E. Slap "ENERGY BEAM SCIENCES, INC"
<75767.640@CompuServe.COM>
1) Wash section very thoroughly with distilled or deionized water
2) Mix 3 drops each of initiating solution and enhancing solution in a clean
test tube
3) Add several drops of the mixture to the slide and monitor development of
silver stain periodically under the microscope at room temperature. Do not
expose slide to high intensity light for prolonged periods. Staining is
typically complete when stained areas have a brown-black stain. Stop the
reaction before non-specific background appears by thorough washings in
distilled water.
4) To stop the reaction, wash thoroughly with water. If development is not
complete, use fresh solutions and continue silver enhancement. Counterstain as
desired.
Note that this procedure was written for our own BioSite silver enhancement kit,
but should be applicable to most high quality commercially available kits
.
These instructions can be found at our WWW site as part of a complete
instruction brochure on use of BioSite colloidal gold reagents.
(http://www.mwrn.com/ebs/ebs.htm)
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The latest volume edited by M. A. Hayat, "Immunogold-Silver Staining:
Principles, Methods and Applications" (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995) has
many articles on methods of silver enhancement. The earlier series,
"Colloidal Gold: Principles, Methods and Applications" (M. A. Hayat, Ed.;
Academic Press, San Diego, CA: Vols. 1, 2 (1989) and Vol. 3 (1991) have
some useful info as well.
Richard D. Powell
Nanoprobes, Inc (We sell silver enhancers too).
URL: http://www.lihti.org/research/ecodev/incubten/nano/home.html
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"The Wiz"