10/31/96


Would someone kindly explain how to convert dpi (dots-per-inch) to

pixels?

I would like to evaluate scanner resolution (ie. 2700 dpi) in terms of

pixels.

mcbrande@sierra.net


"Dots" (as in dots per inch) are usually equated to pixels ... that is, if

you scan a 35mm slide (1.25"" by 1") at 2700dpi you'll end up with

approximately a 3400 by 2700 pixel image. If this is then printed with a

300dpi printer then its final size would be (approximately) 11" by 9".

The confusion generally sets in when some printers demand you are

knowledgeable of what it is capable of printing in terms of "lines per inch"

(lpi), which has much to do with its inability of printing one of the 16M

colors as one "dot" (dye-sub printers have this ability), but instead need a

small matrix of dots to dither CMYK into a resemblance of one of 16M colors.

Thus, if a 300dpi printer (ink jets, color laser) needs an 8by8 matrix to

create one of these colors then its true capability is 300/8 or ~37 lines

per inch.

So much for the math ... there is a lot of gray area here such as

"apparent" capabilities for printers to do better than this in spite of the

math ... so begin with an understanding of the terms and experiment ...

hope this helps ...

cheers, shaf

Michael Shaffer - mshaf@oregon.uoregon.edu - mshaf@darkwing.uoregon.edu

Electron Microprobe Facility - Geological Sciences - University of Oregon

http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~mshaf/shafhome/


Under 'normal' conditions one scan dot is equal to one pixel of an image.

When we scan photographic images for reports or the web, we are usually not

pushing the limits of our scanner by any means. If we aim to convert a 4x5

inch photo to a 800x1000 pixel image, then all we need is 200 dpi (pixels

per inch) resolution. Even cheap scanners give that, and such an image is

big for the web. A 1600x2000 pixel image would require 400 dpi which is

still within the capability of most scanners. However, to scan a 35mm

transparency to the same image size would require about 4 times the dpi

capability as the 4x5 Polaroid. Therefore, the new scanner capabilities will

be needed.

There are also the phrases "optical resolution" and "interpolated

resolution". I understand optical resolution to be the actual spacing of the

elements of the scanning mechanism. Interpolated resolution refers to extra

resolution obtained by mathematical (or mechanical?) tricks to see in

between the pixels. It may help, but I would always check the optical

resolution as the better measure of capability.

Now on printing, laser printers will normally need more dots per inch than

you are printing pixels per inch. The reason is that the printer pixels/dots

are only black or white and are dithered together to generate an area of

apparent gray. For example a 3x3 or larger printer area will be needed to

give the impression of shades of gray for a single image pixel. I think that

600 dpi printers are the practical *minimum* for printing gray scale images.

1200 dpi printers are better.

True gray scale printers (e.g., most dye subs) require less dpi to give a

similar quality image than does a laser printer. Of course they will tend to

be more expensive.

Warren E. Straszheim

270 Metals Development, Ames Lab/ISU, Ames IA, 50011

Phone: 515-294-8187 FAX: 515-294-3091

wes@ameslab.gov


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